Characteristics of Oregano

Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is a bushy aromatic plant that grows wild in coastal, mountainous and island regions. It belongs to the genus Origanum and is widely found in Mediterranean countries and Central Asia. It grows up to 80 cm tall and consists of woody stems with aromatic green leaves. Oregano bears purple–white flowers that bloom early in the summer and in mid‑autumn, which are also the harvest seasons. The flowers and leaves are then collected and dried to be used later in raw or cooked recipes. Oregano can be harvested throughout the year by collecting only its leaves. Oregano is a suitable plant for creating a rock garden, has few requirements for growth and produces rich vegetation when located in sunny spots. It should be noted that oregano essential oil contains the main component carvacrol in a proportion ranging from 70% to 85%, while in wild populations it can reach 90%. The yield in oregano essential oil and carvacrol depends on the variety, climate, region, fertilization and the stage of harvest.

History of oregano

The first recorded references to the use of the herb point to the Assyrians and the Ancient Greek healers in 3000 BC. Hippocrates and Dioscorides used oregano as a decoction or crushed, for respiratory problems, colicky pains, against diarrhea and as an appetite stimulant. They also observed animals consuming oregano to heal their wounds and after they had come into contact with snake venom.
Its aroma and flavor have inspired folk tradition, mantinades (folk rhyming couplets), folklore and Mediterranean cuisine, creating tasty recipes. It is considered a symbol of joy and good fortune, as in wedding ceremonies the groom and bride were crowned with laurel and oregano wreaths to celebrate their union.
Its name comes from the words “oros” and “ganos”, meaning “The joy of the mountains”! It is believed to originate from the Greek mountains and other nearby Mediterranean countries.
One of the earliest uses of oregano oil was for treating headaches, respiratory diseases and for relief from insect bites. It has also been used as a traditional remedy for asthma, joint pain and cramps.

Chemical composition

Oregano essential oil from the leaves and flowers of the plant using the hydrodistillation method.

Chemical composition of oregano essential oil

Carvacrol 85% and thymol 2.89% (the two main substances that provide the microbicidal action), glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids.

Instructions for use                                                                                                                                      

- Used in the food industry and in the preparation of seasonings.
- Room cleanser: Put 6–7 drops of oregano essential oil in 100 ml of water and spray at the entrance of the house and on winter clothes and blankets before seasonal storage. Let them dry in the sun and store the clothes in the wardrobe together with sachets of oregano and lavender, which prevent moths and other pests.
- In combination with rosemary and lavender as an anti-lice treatment
Blends well with rosemary, mint, lavender, marjoram.

Ayurveda

The consumption of oregano is recommended by Ayurveda for addressing excess kapha – earth and fluid retention. It calms the air element and stimulates the digestive fire, improving the process of digestion. It relieves intestinal bloating and clears the internal channels of toxins.

Useful tips

- Internal consumption should be recommended by a doctor or pharmacist.
- Essential oils should be used in small quantities and always diluted in a carrier oil or other vehicle.
Their use should be avoided during pregnancy, breastfeeding and in young children.
Avoid direct contact with skin, eyes, mouth and sun exposure after use.